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How variation can be introduced into a species.

In this unit we will learn how these factors can affect the output of a simple machine. We will also learn about the difference between ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical advantage (AMA), and how to apply your knowledge to calculate the efficiency of various simple machines.

Diffusion and Osmosis

Molecular structure of DNA. Nucleotide. Nitrogenous base, phosphate.

Introduction to the circulatory system and the heart

Outcomes:

• Determine which mutations are favored by the selection agents of predators and food variety and which mutations are neutral.
• Describe which traits change the survivability of an organism in different environments.
• Experiment with environments which produce a stable population of bunnies, a population that dies out, and a population that takes over the world.
• Track genes through multiple generations.
• Compare how dominant and recessive genes get passed onto offspring.

How homologous chromosomes separate into two sets. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.

Meiosis is a process that creates sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis has two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (crossing over). In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, creating four haploid cells.

What are simple machines? Simple machines are tools that make work easier. They have few or no moving parts. These machines use energy to do work with one movement. They make our work easier by letting us use less mechanical effort to move an object.

Skeletons support and protect our bodies. Bugs have exoskeletons outside their bodies, while humans have endoskeletons inside. Our bones are in axial (skull, ribcage, spine) and appendicular (arms, legs) groups. Bone marrow makes blood cells; more specifically, red marrow makes blood and yellow marrow stores fat.