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Patterns and processes of evolution. How evolution and natural selection are reflected in the similarities and differences of organisms. 

Introduction to passive and active transport

Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

Mitosis, meiosis and sexual reproduction. Understanding gametes, zygotes, and haploid / diploid numbers.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Osmosis helps regulate the flow of water in and out of cells, which is crucial to their function.

The Calvin Cycle or the light-independent (dark) reactions of photosynthesis.

Secondary Active Transport in the Nephron.

Visualising, adding and breaking down vectors in 2 dimensions.

In this unit you will learn what a force is and find out about different types of forces. This will allow you to identify forces at work in your everyday life and understand the effects of forces.

We can analyse the arrows in a food web to identify producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.