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There are many different processes and phenomena that emit electromagnetic radiation. Humans have taken advantage of many of these processes to develop technologies that use electromagnetic radiation.

This YouTube video explains how to calculate an irregular area on a map.

This YouTube video explains how to calculate a regular area on a map.

The beauty of a coral reef, the warm radiance of sunshine, the sting of sunburn, the X-ray revealing a broken bone, even microwave popcorn—all are brought to us by electromagnetic waves. The list of the various types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio transmission waves to nuclear gamma-ray (γ-ray) emissions, is interesting in itself.

Even more intriguing is that all of these different phenomena are manifestations of the same thing—electromagnetic waves (see Figure 15.1). What are electromagnetic waves? How are they created, and how do they travel? How can we understand their widely varying properties? What is the relationship between electric and magnetic effects? These and other questions will be explored.

This online tutorial guides you through what information a map shows, map legends and the different types of maps which are available.

Photoelectric materials emit electrons when they absorb light of a high-enough frequency.

This online tutorial will provide you with some guidelines on how to interpret both topographic and geologic maps.